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Hardware Documentation
Data Sheet
HAL 401
Linear Hall-Effect Sensor IC
(R)
Edition Dec. 8, 2008 DSH000018_002EN
HAL401
Copyright, Warranty, and Limitation of Liability The information and data contained in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable. The software and proprietary information contained therein may be protected by copyright, patent, trademark and/or other intellectual property rights of Micronas. All rights not expressly granted remain reserved by Micronas. Micronas assumes no liability for errors and gives no warranty representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose due to these specifications. By this publication, Micronas does not assume responsibility for patent infringements or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. Commercial conditions, product availability and delivery are exclusively subject to the respective order confirmation. Any information and data which may be provided in the document can and do vary in different applications, and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by customers technical experts. Any new issue of this document invalidates previous issues. Micronas reserves the right to review this document and to make changes to the documents content at any time without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revision or changes. For further advice please contact us directly. Do not use our products in life-supporting systems, aviation and aerospace applications! Unless explicitly agreed to otherwise in writing between the parties, Micronas products are not designed, intended or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implants into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the product could create a situation where personal injury or death could occur. No part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, stored on a retrieval system or transmitted without the express written consent of Micronas. Micronas Trademarks - HAL Micronas Patents
DATA SHEET
Choppered Offset Compensation protected by Micronas patents no. US5260614A, US5406202A, EP052523B1, and EP0548391B1. Third-Party Trademarks All other brand and product names or company names may be trademarks of their respective companies.
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Micronas
DATA SHEET
HAL401
Contents Page 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 10 18 18 18 18 20 Section 1. 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 2. 3. 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.4.1. 3.5. 3.6. 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 5. Title Introduction Features Marking Code Operating Junction Temperature Range Hall Sensor Package Codes Solderability and Welding Functional Description Specifications Outline Dimensions Dimensions of Sensitive Area Positions of Sensitive Area Absolute Maximum Ratings Storage and Shelf Life Recommended Operating Conditions Characteristics Application Notes Ambient Temperature EMC and ESD Application Circuit Data Sheet History
Micronas
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HAL401
Linear Hall Effect Sensor IC in CMOS technology Release Notes: Revision bars indicate significant changes to the previous edition. 1. Introduction The HAL 401 is a Linear Hall Effect Sensors produced in CMOS technology. The sensor includes a temperaturecompensated Hall plate with choppered offset compensation, two linear output stages, and protection devices (see Fig. 2-1). The output voltage is proportional to the magnetic flux density through the hall plate. The choppered offset compensation leads to stable magnetic characteristics over supply voltage and temperature. The HAL 401 can be used for magnetic field measurements, current measurements, and detection of any mechanical movement. Very accurate angle measurements or distance measurements can also be done. The sensor is very robust and can be used in electrical and mechanical hostile environments. The sensor is designed for industrial and automotive applications and operates in the ambient temperature range from -40 C up to 150 C and is available in the SMD-package SOT89B-1. 1.1. Features: - switching offset compensation at 147 kHz - low magnetic offset - extremely sensitive - operates from 4.8 to 12 V supply voltage - wide temperature range TA = -40 C to +150 C - overvoltage protection - reverse voltage protection of VDD-pin - differential output - accurate absolute measurements of DC and low frequency magnetic fields - on-chip temperature compensation 1.2. Marking Code Type
DATA SHEET
Temperature Range A K 401K
HAL401
401A
1.3. Operating Junction Temperature Range The Hall sensors from Micronas are specified to the chip temperature (junction temperature TJ). A: TJ = -40 C to +170 C K: TJ = -40 C to +140 C Note: Due to power dissipation, there is a difference between the ambient temperature (TA) and junction temperature. Please refer to section 4.1. on page 18 for details.
1.4. Hall Sensor Package Codes HALXXXPA-T Temperature Range: A or K Package: SF for SOT89B-1 Type: 401 Example: HAL401SF-K Type: 401 Package: SOT89B-1 Temperature Range: TJ = -40 C to +140 C Hall sensors are available in a wide variety of packaging versions and quantities. For more detailed information, please refer to the brochure: "Hall Sensors: Ordering Codes, Packaging, Handling".
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Micronas
DATA SHEET
HAL401
1.5. Solderability and Welding Soldering During soldering reflow processing and manual reworking, a component body temperature of 260 C should not be exceeded. Welding Device terminals should be compatible with laser and resistance welding. Please note that the success of the welding process is subject to different welding parameters which will vary according to the welding technique used. A very close control of the welding parameters is absolutely necessary in order to reach satisfying results. Micronas, therefore, does not give any implied or express warranty as to the ability to weld the component.
1 VDD 2 3 4 GND
OUT1 OUT2
Fig. 1-1: Pin configuration
Micronas
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HAL401
2. Functional Description
GND 4
DATA SHEET
External filtering or integrating measurement can be done to eliminate the AC component of the signal. Resultingly, the influence of mechanical stress and temperature cycling is suppressed. No adjustment of magnetic offset is needed. The sensitivity is stabilized over a wide range of temperature and supply voltage due to internal voltage regulation and circuits for temperature compensation.
Switching Matrix
Chopper Oscillator
Temp. Dependent Bias
Offset Compensation; Hallplate
Offset Compensation (see Fig. 2-2) The Hall Offset Voltage is the residual voltage measured in absence of a magnetic field (zero-field residual voltage). This voltage is caused by mechanical stress and can be modeled by a displacement of the connections for voltage measurement and/or current supply.
OUT2 3
Protection Device
VDD 1
OUT1 2
Fig. 2-1: Block diagram of the HAL 401 (top view) The Linear Hall Sensor measures constant and low frequency magnetic flux densities accurately. The differential output voltage VOUTDIF (difference of the voltages on pin 2 and pin 3) is proportional to the magnetic flux density passing vertically through the sensitive area of the chip. The common mode voltage VCM (average of the voltages on pin 2 and pin 3) of the differential output amplifier is a constant 2.2 V. The differential output voltage consists of two components due to the switching offset compensation technique. The average of the differential output voltage represents the magnetic flux density. This component is overlaid by a differential AC signal at a typical frequency of 147 kHz. The AC signal represents the internal offset voltages of amplifiers and hall plates that are influenced by mechanical stress and temperature cycling.
Compensation of this kind of offset is done by cyclic commutating the connections for current flow and voltage measurement. - First cycle: The hall supply current flows between points 4 and 2. In the absence of a magnetic field, V13 is the Hall Offset Voltage (+VOffs). In case of a magnetic field, V13 is the sum of the Hall voltage (VH) and VOffs. V13 = VH + VOffs - Second cycle: The hall supply current flows between points 1 and 3. In the absence of a magnetic field, V24 is the Hall Offset Voltage with negative polarity (-VOffs). In case of a magnetic field, V24 is the difference of the Hall voltage (VH) and VOffs. V24 = VH - VOffs In the first cycle, the output shows the sum of the Hall voltage and the offset; in the second, the difference of both. The difference of the mean values of VOUT1 and VOUT2 (VOUTDIF) is equivalent to VHall.
V
Note: The numbers do not represent pin numbers.
for Bu0 mT
VOUT1
IC 1 VCM VOUTDIF/2 VOUTDIF VOUTDIF/2 3 VOUTAC VOUT2
1 4 IC 4 VOffs 2
VOffs
2
1/fCH = 6.7 s
3
V
V
a) Offset Voltage Fig. 2-2: Hall Offset Compensation 6
b) Switched Current Supply
c) Output Voltage
t
Micronas
DATA SHEET
HAL401
3. Specifications 3.1. Outline Dimensions
Fig. 3-1: SOT89B-1: Plastic Small Outline Transistor package, 4 leads Weight approximately 0.034 g
Micronas
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HAL401
3.2. Dimensions of Sensitive Area 0.37 mm x 0.17 mm 3.3. Position of Sensitive Area SOT89B-1 y 0.95 mm nominal
DATA SHEET
3.4. Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses beyond those listed in the "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only. Functional operation of the device at these conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods will affect device reliability. This device contains circuitry to protect the inputs and outputs against damage due to high static voltages or electric fields; however, it is advised that normal precautions be taken to avoid application of any voltage higher than absolute maximum-rated voltages to this circuit. All voltages listed are referenced to ground (GND). Symbol VDD VO IO TJ TA Parameter Supply Voltage Output Voltage Continuous Output Current Junction Temperature Range Ambient Temperature at VDD = 5 V at VDD = 12 V Pin No. 1 2, 3 2, 3 Min. -12 -0.3 -5 -40 - - Max. 12 12 5 170 150 125 Unit V V mA C C C
3.4.1. Storage and Shelf Life The permissible storage time (shelf life) of the sensors is unlimited, provided the sensors are stored at a maximum of 30 C and a maximum of 85% relative humidity. At these conditions, no Dry Pack is required. Solderability is guaranteed for one year from the date code on the package.
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Micronas
DATA SHEET
HAL401
3.5. Recommended Operating Conditions Functional operation of the device beyond those indicated in the "Recommended Operating Conditions" of this specification is not implied, may result in unpredictable behavior of the device and may reduce reliability and lifetime. All voltages listed are referenced to ground (GND).
Symbol IO IO CL VDD B Parameter Continuous Output Current Continuous Output Current Load Capacitance Supply Voltage Magnetic Field Range Pin No. 2, 3 2, 3 2, 3 1 Min. -2.25 -1 - 4.8 -50 Max. 2.25 1 1 12 50 Unit mA mA nF V mT see Fig. 3-2 Remarks TJ = 25 C TJ = 170 C
VDD 12 V 11.5 V
power dissipation limit
8.0 V 6.8 V
4.8 V 4.5 V
Fig. 3-2: Recommended Operating Supply Voltage
Micronas
EEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEE
-40 C 25 C
min. VDD for specified sensitivity
125 C 150 C TA
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HAL401
DATA SHEET
3.6. Characteristics at TJ = -40 C to +170 C , VDD = 4.8 V to 12 V, GND = 0 V at Recommended Operation Conditions (Fig. 3-2 for TA and VDD) as not otherwise specified in the column "Conditions". Typical characteristics for TJ = 25 C, VDD = 6.8 V and -50 mT < B < 50 mT
Symbol IDD IDD VCM CMRR Parameter Supply Current Supply Current over Temperature Range Common Mode Output Voltage VCM = (VOUT1 + VOUT2 ) / 2 Common Mode Rejection Ratio Pin No. 1 1 Min. 11 9 Typ. 14.5 14.5 Max. 17.1 18.5 Unit mA mA Conditions TJ = 25 C, IOUT1,2 = 0 mA IOUT1,2 = 0 mA IOUT1,2 = 0 mA, IOUT1,2 = 0 mA, CMRR is limited by the influence of power dissipation. -50 mT < B < 50 mT TJ = 25 C -50 mT < B < 50 mT
2, 3
2.1
2.2
2.3
V
2, 3
-2.5
0
2.5
mV/V
SB SB Boffset BOFFSET/ T BW NLdif NLsingle fCH VOUTACpp nmeff fCflicker fCflicker ROUT ROUT RthJSB case SOT89B-1
1)
Differential Magnetic Sensitivity
2-3
42
48.5
55
mV/mT
Differential Magnetic Sensitivity over Temperature Range Magnetic Offset over Temperature Magnetic Offset Change
2-3
37.5
46.5
55
mV/mT
2-3
-1.5
-0.2
1.5
mT T/K
B = 0 mT, IOUT1,2 = 0 mA B = 0 mT, IOUT1,2 = 0 mA without external Filter1) -50 mT < B < 50 mT
-25
0
25
Bandwidth (-3 dB) Non-Linearity of Differential Output Non-Linearity of Single Ended Output Chopper Frequency over Temp. Peak-to-Peak AC Output Voltage Magnetic RMS Differential Broadband Noise Corner Frequency of 1/f Noise Corner Frequency of 1/f Noise Output Impedance
2-3 2-3
- -
10 0.5
- 2
kHz %
2, 3
-
2
-
%
2, 3 2, 3
- -
147 0.6
- 1.3
kHz V T
2-3
-
10
-
BW = 10 Hz to 10 kHz
2-3
-
10
-
Hz
B = 0 mT
2-3
-
100
-
Hz
B = 50 mT IOUT1,2 v 2.5 mA, TJ = 25 C, VDD = 6.8 V IOUT1,2 v 2.5 mA Fiberglass Substrate 30 mm x 10 mm x 1.5 mm pad size (see Fig. 3-3)
2, 3
-
30
50
Output Impedance over Temperature Thermal Resistance Junction to Substrate Backside
2, 3
-
30
150
-
150
200
K/W
with external 2 pole filter (f3db = 5 kHz), VOUTAC is reduced to less than 1 mV by limiting the bandwith
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Micronas
DATA SHEET
HAL401
1.80
1.05
1.45 2.90
1.05 0.50 1.50
Fig. 3-3: Recommended footprint SOT89B, Dimensions in mm
Note: All dimensions are for reference only. The pad size may vary depending on the requirements of the soldering process.
Micronas
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HAL401
DATA SHEET
V 5
TA = 25 C VDD = 6.8 V
V 0.05 B = 0 mT 0.04 VOFFS 0.03 TA = -40 C TA = 25 C TA = 125 C TA = 150 C
VOUT1 VOUT2
4 VOUT1 3 VOUT2
0.02 0.01 0.00
2
-0.01 -0.02
1
-0.03 -0.04
0 -150 -100 -50
0
50 B
100
150 mT
-0.05
2
4
6
8
10
12 VDD
14 V
Fig. 3-4: Typical output voltages versus magnetic flux density
Fig. 3-6: Typical differential output offset voltage versus supply voltage
mT 2.0 B = 0 mT 1.5 BOFFS 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2 TA = -40 C TA = 25 C TA = 125 C TA = 150 C
mT 2.0 B = 0 mT 1.5 BOFFS 1.0 0.5 0.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2 -50 -25 VDD = 4.8 V VDD = 6.0 V VDD = 12 V
2
4
6
8
10
12 VDD
14 V
0
25
50
75 100 125 150 C TA
Fig. 3-5: Typical magnetic offset of differential output versus supply voltage
Fig. 3-7: Typical magnetic offset of differential output versus ambient temperature
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Micronas
DATA SHEET
HAL401
mV/mT 60 55 SB 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
B = 50 mT
mV/mT 60 55 SB 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 -50 -25
B = 50 mT
TA = -40 C TA = 25 C TA = 125 C TA = 150 C 2 4 6 8 10 12 VDD 14 V
VDD = 4.8 V VDD = 6.0 V VDD = 12 V
0
25
50
75 100 125 150 C TA
Fig. 3-8: Typical differential magnetic sensitivity versus supply voltage
Fig. 3-10: Typical differential magnetic sensitivity versus ambient temperature
% 1.5
TA = 25 C
% 1.5 VDD = 6.8 V 1.0
NLdif
1.0
NLdif
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
-0.5 VDD = 4.8 V -1.0 VDD = 6.0 V VDD = 12 V -1.5 -80 -60 -40 -20
-0.5 TA = -40 C -1.0 TA = 25 C TA = 125 C TA = 150 C 0 20 40 B 60 80 mT -1.5 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 B 60 80 mT
Fig. 3-9: Typical non-linearity of differential output versus magnetic flux density
Fig. 3-11: Typical non-linearity of differential output versus magnetic flux density
Micronas
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HAL401
DATA SHEET
% 3
TA = 25 C
% 3 VDD = 6.0 V 2
NLsingle
2
NLsingle
1
1
0
0
-1 VDD = 4.8 V VDD = 12 V -2
-1 TA = -40 C -2 TA = 25 C TA = 125 C TA = 150 C
-3 -80 -60 -40 -20
0
20
40 B
60
80 mT
-3 -80 -60 -40 -20
0
20
40 B
60
80 mT
Fig. 3-12: Typical single-ended non-linearity versus magnetic flux density
Fig. 3-14: Typical non-linearity of singleended output versus magnetic flux density
kHz 200 180 fCH 160 140 120 100 80 TA = -40 C 60 40 20 0 TA = 25 C TA = 125 C TA = 150 C fCH
kHz 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 VDD = 4.8 V 40 20 0 -50 -25 VDD = 6.0 V VDD = 12 V
2
4
6
8
10
12 VDD
14 V
0
25
50
75 100 125 150 C TA
Fig. 3-13: Typical chopper frequency versus supply voltage
Fig. 3-15: Typical chopper frequency versus ambient temperature
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Micronas
DATA SHEET
HAL401
V 2.4
V 2.25 2.24
2.2 VCM 2.0 VCM 2.23 2.22 2.21 2.20 1.6 TA = -40 C TA = 25 C TA = 150 C 2.17 2.16 1 2.15 -50 -25 75 100 125 150 C TA 2.19 2.18 VDD = 12 V
1.8
VDD = 4.8 V
1.4
1.2
2
4
6
8
10
12 VDD
14 V
0
25
50
Fig. 3-16: Typical common mode output voltage versus supply voltage
Fig. 3-18: Typical common mode output voltage versus ambient temperature
mV 1000 VOUT1pp, VOUT2pp
TA = 25 C
mV 1000 VOUT1pp, VOUT2pp
800
800
VDD = 4.8 V VDD = 6.0 V VDD = 12 V
600
600
400
400
200
200
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 VDD
14 V
0 -50 -25
0
25
50
75 100 125 150 C TA
Fig. 3-17: Typical output AC voltage versus supply voltage
Fig. 3-19: Typical output AC voltage versus ambient temperature
Micronas
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HAL401
DATA SHEET
mA 25 IOUT1,2 = 0 mA 20 IDD 15 10 5 0 -5 TA = -40 C -10 -15 -20 -25 -15 TA = 25 C TA = 125 C TA = 150 C IDD
mA 20 IOUT1,2 = 0 mA
15
10
5
TA = -40 C TA = 25 C TA = 125 C TA = 150 C
-10
-5
0
5
10 VDD
15 V
0
2
3
4
5
6 VDD
7
8V
Fig. 3-20: Typical supply current versus supply voltage
Fig. 3-22: Typical supply current versus supply voltage
mA 20 B = 0 mT
mA 25 B = 0 mT
IDD 15
IDD 20
15 10 10 VDD = 4.8 V 5 VDD = 4.8 V VDD = 6.0 V VDD = 12 V 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 C TA 0 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 IOUT1,2 6 mA 5 VDD = 12 V
Fig. 3-21: Typical supply current versus temperature
Fig. 3-23: Typical supply current versus output current
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Micronas
DATA SHEET
HAL401
dBT rms 200 B = 0 mT 180 VDD = 4.8 V ROUT 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 -50 -25 75 100 125 150 C TA -140 83 nT Hz 0 25 50 -150 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 1k 10000.0 1000000.0 0.1 1 10 100 1000.0 100000.0 Hz 10k 100k 1M f -130 VDD = 6.0 V VDD = 12 V -120 nmeff -110 B = 0 mT B = 65 mT Hz -100 TA = 25 C
Fig. 3-24: Typical dynamic differential output resistance versus temperature
Fig. 3-26: Typical magnetic noise spectrum
dB 20
TA = 25 C 0 dB = 42.5 mV/mT
sB
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40 10 10
100 100
1000 1k
10000 10 k fB
100000 100 k
Fig. 3-25: Typical magnetic frequency response
Micronas
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HAL401
4. Application Notes Mechanical stress on the device surface (caused by the package of the sensor module or overmolding) can influence the sensor performance. The parameter VOUTACpp (see Fig. 2-2) increases with external mechanical stress. This can cause linearity errors at the limits of the recommended operation conditions. 4.1. Ambient Temperature Due to internal power dissipation, the temperature on the silicon chip (junction temperature TJ) is higher than the temperature outside the package (ambient temperature TA). TJ = TA + T At static conditions and continuous operation, the following equation applies: T = IDD * VDD * RthJSB For all sensors, the junction temperature range TJ is specified. The maximum ambient temperature TAmax can be calculated as: TAmax = TJmax - T For typical values, use the typical parameters. For worst case calculation, use the max. parameters for IDD and Rth, and the max. value for VDD from the application. 4.2. EMC and ESD Please contact Micronas for detailed information on EMC and ESD results.
OUT2 3 Low
DATA SHEET
4.3. Application Circuit The normal integrating characteristics of a voltmeter is sufficient for signal filtering.
VDD 4.7n 1 VDD HAL 401 OUT1 2 1k OUT2 3 1k 330 p GND 4
Do not connect OUT1 or OUT2 to Ground.
330 p
47 n Oscilloscope Ch1 3.3 k 6.8 n 3.3 k 47 n
Ch2
Fig. 4-1: Filtering of output signals
Display the difference between channel 1 and channel 2 to show the Hall voltage. Capacitors 4.7 nF and 330 pF for electromagnetic immunity are recommended.
VDD 1 VDD HAL 401 OUT1 2
Voltage Meter High
GND 4
Do not connect OUT1 or OUT2 to Ground.
Fig. 4-2: Flux density measurement with voltmeter
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Micronas
DATA SHEET
HAL401
VCC 330 p R+R 0.75 R 2 1.5 R - R 330 p CMOS OPV + 0.22 R ADC 1.33 C
VDD 4.7n 1 VDD HAL 401 OUT1
OUT2
3
4.4 C R-R 3C
GND 4
Do not connect OUT1 or OUT2 to Ground.
Fig. 4-3: Differential HAL 401 output to single-ended output R = 10 k, C = 7.5 nF, R for offset adjustment, BW-3dB = 1.3 kHz
VDD 2.2 n 4.7 n 1 VDD HAL 401 OUT1 2 4.7 k OUT2 3 4.7 k 330 p GND 4
Do not connect OUT1 or OUT2 to Ground.
VCCy6 V
330 p 4.7 k - CMOS OPV + 4.7 k 4.7 n 4.7 k - 4.7 k 3.0 k 8.2 n CMOS OPV + OUT
1n
VEEx*6 V
Fig. 4-4: Differential HAL 401 output to single-ended output (referenced to ground), filter - BW-3dB = 14.7 kHz
Micronas
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HAL401
5. Data Sheet History 1. Final Data Sheet: "HAL 401 Linear Hall Effect Sensor IC", June 26, 2002, 6251-470-1DS. First release of the final data sheet. 2. Final Data Sheet: "HAL 401 Linear Hall Effect Sensor IC", Sept. 14, 2004, 6251-470-2DS. Second release of the final data sheet. Major changes: - new package diagram for SOT89-1 3. Final Data Sheet: "HAL 401 Linear Hall Effect Sensor IC", Dec. 8, 2008, DSH000018_002EN Third release of the final data sheet. Major changes: - Section 1.5. "Solderability and Welding" updated - package diagrams updated - Fig. 3-3: "Recommended footprint SOT89B" added
DATA SHEET
Micronas GmbH Hans-Bunte-Strasse 19 * D-79108 Freiburg * P.O. Box 840 * D-79008 Freiburg, Germany Tel. +49-761-517-0 * Fax +49-761-517-2174 * E-mail: docservice@micronas.com * Internet: www.micronas.com
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